The Life of James Sampson Woodall (1765–1848)
- Catherine Gauldin
- Jul 13
- 18 min read
James Sampson Woodall was born on 1 May 1765 in Goochland County, Virginia, the son of Sampson Woodall and Sarah Steele. He belonged to the third generation of a family whose Virginia roots stretched back to the early 1700s, beginning along Nennestoe Creek in Goochland and gradually spreading into Charlotte, Halifax, Pittsylvania, Henry, and Patrick Counties. (1)
James’s first marriage took place on 22 December 1790 in Charlotte County, when he wed Elizabeth “Betsy” Hankins, born in 1769 in Keysville, Charlotte County. Betsy descended from Daniel Hankins, one of the earliest settlers in the region, and grew up near the long‑established Hankins settlement. After their marriage, James and Betsy lived in Halifax County, close to her family’s land. (2)
Their short marriage produced two children:
Susannah Woodall, born in 1791 in Charlotte County, who later died before 1850 in Henry County
Daniel Hankins Woodall, born 3 December 1793, who lived beyond 1872 in Tazewell County
Betsy died sometime between 3 December 1793 and 1 January 1797, likely in either Charlotte or Halifax County. Her early death left James a widower with two young children.
On 10 January 1797, James married Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor in Prince Edward County. Betsy, born about 1766–1767, was the daughter of James Taylor and Lydia DeJarnette. Her uncle, Mumford DeJarnette, certified that she was of legal age to marry. This second marriage produced the core group of children who appear in later Pittsylvania and Henry County records: (2)
Daniel Hankins Woodall (1792–after 1880) - Daniel Hankins Woodall was born on 6 December 1792 in Charlotte County, Virginia, the son of James S. Woodall and Elizabeth Hankins. As a young man, he appeared in a 1804 Charlotte County chancery suit involving the heirs of his grandfather Daniel Hankins, confirming his place within the Hankins–Woodall family network. By 1816, Daniel was listed as an adult taxpayer in Pittsylvania County, the same year a male was dropped from his father’s household—evidence of Daniel establishing independence. Daniel married three times. His first marriage occurred on 21 March 1814 in Charlotte County to Grace Stoner (3), who died soon afterward. In August 1815, he married his first cousin Sally Woodall (3) in Pittsylvania County, a union she entered by giving her own written consent. They were living in Pittsylvania County, Virginia in 1820. (4) Late in life, on 21 February 1867, Daniel married Rebecca Peery Burrass (5), a widow, in Tazewell County. (6) Daniel served in the War of 1812, initially enlisting in Captain John D. Richardson’s company. He became ill shortly after entering service and recuperated at his father’s home in Pittsylvania County. He later joined Captain Richard Beck’s Pittsylvania militia company. (7) In 1871, he applied for a pension, stating he had served twelve months including his illness, but the claim was rejected due to missing muster rolls. Throughout his life, Daniel was a farmer and distiller, (8) buying and selling land in Pittsylvania County and later relocating westward. After his father’s death, he was involved in a lawsuit with other heirs in Patrick County. He then moved to Wythe County, appearing in the 1850 census, and by 1860 (9) had settled in Tazewell County, where he remained through 1880. The 1880 census paints a stark picture of Daniel’s final years: he lived in Clear Fork Township as a pauper, boarded at public expense in the household of William Walker—possibly related through his half‑sister Nancy, who had married a William Walker. A separate 1880 schedule explicitly lists him among “pauper and indigent inhabitants,” showing his decline from landowner and distiller to destitution. (10)
In 1870, facing debt, Daniel filed a homestead deed to protect his remaining possessions—an inventory of modest household goods, tools, livestock, and distilling equipment—reflecting the daily life of an aging farmer struggling to retain basic necessities. Daniel fathered at least three children: Lafayette Woodall, Daniel Jefferson Woodall, and Mary Woodall Craig. DNA evidence from descendants confirms his paternal line. His last known record is the 1880 Tazewell County census, after which he likely died sometime in the late 1880s.
1. James S. Woodall Jr. - James Sampson Woodall Jr. was born around 1800 in Charlotte County, Virginia, one of the children of James Sampson Woodall Sr. and Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor. (14) By the 1820 census, James Jr. was living in Pittsylvania County within a large Woodall household typical of the family’s agricultural lifestyle. On 19 July 1822, he married Ellender “Nellie” DeBoe, (15) daughter of Philip DeBoe and Eleanor “Nellie” Smith, forming a union that would eventually produce a large family. During the 1820s and 1830s (14), James Jr. and Ellender lived in Pittsylvania County, where the 1830 census shows them with several young children. In October 1830, James Jr. joined the westward migration that drew many Virginia families into Kentucky and Illinois. Traveling with Ellender’s father, Philip DeBoe, and other relatives, the group first settled in Livingston County, Kentucky (later Crittenden and Caldwell Counties). The Woodalls continued farther west into Illinois, but eventually returned to Kentucky in the early 1840s. James Jr.’s life ended under uncertain circumstances. There is a story that has come down through the years that he was working on the farm, sat down under a tree and died of a stroke. He disappeared from records around March 1842, and by September 1842 he was presumed dead in Crittenden County, Kentucky, where he was buried in Hill Cemetery. His name never appears again in local documents, though Ellender and their children remained in the area. Ellender lived a long life after James Jr.’s death. She raised their children—Pleasant H., Anderson, James S. III, Mary Ann, Nancy (Woodall) Mabry, Samuel Allen, and John Woodall—in Kentucky, where she became a respected matriarch of the extended Woodall–DeBoe family. She died on 14 March 1893 at the age of 89 and was buried beside her husband in Hill Cemetery. The obituary of Ellender Deboe Woodall reads: (17) "On the 14th, Mrs. Elendor Woodall died at the residence of her son, Mr. A. Woodall of this county. She was a pioneer citizen of this county. She was born in Virginia, October 1802, her maiden name was Debo; after marriage with James S. Woodall, they moved to this county in 1833, nine years before Crittenden county was organized. After living here a year they moved to Illinois, where they resided eight years and then returned to this county. Her husband died in 1842. She reared a family of eight children, five of whom survive her, at the time of her death she had seventy-three grandchildren. She was an excellent old lady, ripe for the reaper she was ready to go..." Together, James Jr. and Ellender represent the branch of the Woodall family that left Virginia during the great westward movement, carrying the family line into Kentucky and Illinois before establishing permanent roots in Crittenden County.
2. Christopher T. Woodall - Christopher T. Woodall was born about 1806 in Virginia, one of the younger children of James Sampson Woodall (1765–1848) and his second wife, Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor (1766–1815). His middle initial, “T.”, almost certainly stood for Taylor, following the Woodall family’s custom of using maternal surnames as middle names. His birth year places him squarely within the known sequence of James and Betsy’s children—John W. (1797), James Jr. (1800), Samuel (1801), Anderson (1802), Nancy (1802), and Elizabeth—making Christopher a natural part of this sibling group. In 1829 (18), Christopher married Margaret Simms (18), born in 1809, beginning his own household in Virginia. By the 1830 census (18), he was living in Patrick County, close to where his father had moved late in life. His household included a young wife, a small child, and three enslaved individuals, reflecting the modest agricultural lifestyle typical of the Woodall family during this period. During the 1830s, Christopher joined the westward movement that drew many Virginia families into the expanding frontier. By 1840 (19), he had relocated to Harmony Township in Washington County, Missouri, where he appears in the census with a growing family of young children. This move placed him among the earliest Woodalls to leave Virginia permanently, mirroring the migrations of his brothers James Jr. and Samuel, who also ventured west. After Margaret’s death or separation, Christopher remarried. On 27 June 1849, in Henry County, Missouri, he wed Minerva Scroggin (20), marking the beginning of his second Missouri household. The 1850 census shows Christopher and Minerva living in Springfield Township, Henry County, with several children—William, Ony, Louisa, Toby, and Harriet—some likely from his first marriage and others born to Minerva. Christopher worked as a farmer, owning 480 acres of real estate, indicating he had achieved a measure of prosperity on the Missouri frontier. Christopher’s life ended in February 1860 in Henry County, Missouri. The mortality schedule (23) lists him as 50 years old, born in Virginia, with no occupation recorded—perhaps reflecting illness or decline in his final months. His death closed the life of a man who bridged two worlds: born into the established Woodall–Taylor family of Charlotte and Pittsylvania Counties, yet ultimately becoming part of the westward expansion that carried the Woodall name into Missouri. Though he does not appear in his father’s 1843 will, this omission is typical of Virginia inheritance customs, where married sons who had already established households—especially those who had migrated west—were not named. His placement among the known children of James and Betsy Taylor, his naming pattern, his birth chronology, and his early Virginia residence all confirm that Christopher T. Woodall was indeed one of their sons, and a key figure in the branch of the Woodall family that moved beyond Virginia into the developing Midwest.
3. John Anderson Woodall - Anderson Woodall was born in 1802 in Campbell County, Virginia, one of the younger children of James Sampson Woodall (1765–1848) and his second wife, Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor (1766–1815). His birth fits neatly into the sequence of James and Betsy’s children, who were born between 1797 and about 1810, and he appears consistently in the same sibling group as John W., James Jr., Samuel, Nancy, Christopher T., and Elizabeth. On 29 November 1821, at the age of nineteen, Anderson married Maria Jones in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, (24)marking the beginning of his own household. His marriage record places him firmly within the Woodall–Taylor family’s geographic corridor, where his siblings also married and established homes. Anderson remained closely connected to his father throughout his early adulthood. In James Sampson Woodall’s 1843 Patrick County will, Anderson is the only son mentioned by name, a strong indication of his continued presence and importance within the family. James also singled out Anderson’s son, Alex, giving him the colt carried by James’s mare Kit—one of the few personal bequests made to a grandchild. This special mention suggests that Anderson lived nearby and maintained a close relationship with his aging father. Though surviving records do not yet reveal the full details of Anderson’s later life, his early marriage, his appearance in his father’s will, and his placement among the known children of James and Betsy Taylor confirm his role as a central figure in the second generation of the Woodall family. His descendants, including his son Alex, carried the Woodall name forward into the mid‑19th century, linking the original Goochland–Charlotte Woodalls to the families who later spread into Patrick, Pittsylvania, and beyond.
4. Nancy Woodall - Nancy Woodall (25) was born on 18 October 1802 in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, one of the daughters of James Sampson Woodall and Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor. Raised in a large and well established Virginia family, Nancy grew up among siblings who would later scatter across Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. On 2 January 1822, at the age of nineteen, she married William Parrish Walker, a young man born 18 December 1799 in Pittsylvania County. William and Nancy began their married life in Pittsylvania, but they are seen in Henderson, Tennessee as early as 1830. (26) but like many families of their generation, they soon joined the westward movement. By 1840 (27), they were still in Henderson County, Tennessee, where William appears in the census with Nancy and their growing family. Their household included several young children, and William was listed as employed in agriculture, reflecting the farming life they carried with them from Virginia. Nancy and William became the parents of at least three children who appear consistently in later records: Sophia Ann Walker Ryals, Elizabeth A. Walker Talbot and Joseph Parish Walker. Sophia’s 1940 death certificate identifies her parents as Wm. P. Walker and Nancy Woodall, confirming the family connection even decades later. Nancy’s life ended around 1850, and she was buried in Hart Cemetery in Jacks Creek, Chester County, Tennessee. Her tombstone gives the year of death as 1850, marking the end of her journey from Virginia to the Tennessee frontier. She was only about forty-eight years old. After Nancy’s death, William remarried. Around 1850, he wed Mahala Massengill (1808–1895), who became his second wife and companion for the remainder of his long life. William continued farming and appears in the 1860, 1870 (28), and 1880 censuses in Henderson and Chester Counties, Tennessee, steadily accumulating land and personal property. By 1860 (28), he owned $1,400 in real estate and $900 in personal property, a substantial amount for the region. William lived to the remarkable age of 95, dying on 25 July 1895 in Chester County, Tennessee. He was buried in Hart Cemetery, the same resting place as Nancy. (30) His will, written in 1887 and probated in 1895 (30), names three children—Elizabeth Talbot, Susan M. Cackam, and Joseph O. Walker—reflecting the blended family formed through his two marriages. Together, Nancy Woodall and William Parrish Walker represent a branch of the Woodall family that left Virginia early, settling permanently in Tennessee. Nancy’s early death left William to raise their children on the Tennessee frontier, but her legacy continued through descendants who spread into Texas and beyond.
5. Elizabeth Woodall - Elizabeth Woodall, born around 1811 in Virginia, was one of the younger children of the large Woodall family rooted in Pittsylvania, Campbell, and Patrick Counties during the early nineteenth century. Like several of her siblings, she appears to have lived a quiet life that left only a modest documentary footprint, yet the surviving records trace a clear arc of movement from Virginia into the expanding Midwest. She may be the Elizabeth Woodall who appears in the 1870 census (33), living in Ashmore Township, Coles County, Illinois. The census that year lists her as a 59‑year‑old woman, unable to read or write, living in the household of Abram and Mary Bitner and their children. Her presence in the Bitner home suggests she may have been a relative, a boarder, or a dependent in her later years, a common situation for unmarried or widowed women of her generation. The connection is not proven.
6. Samuel Woodall - Samuel Woodall, born about 1801 in Prince Edward or Charlotte County, Virginia, fits precisely into the family structure of James Sampson Woodall (1765–1848) and his second wife Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor (1766–1815). James and Betsy married in January 1797, and their children were born between roughly 1797 and 1810. Samuel’s birth year places him squarely in the middle of this sequence. Samuel appears consistently in the same sibling group as John W. Woodall (1797–1831), James S. Woodall Jr. (1800–1842), Anderson Woodall (1802– ), Nancy Woodall (1802–1850), Christopher Taylor Woodall, and Elizabeth Woodall — all documented children of James and Betsy Taylor. Every genealogical source that lists the children of James and Betsy includes Samuel among them. Samuel married Frances Trent (18), born in 1802 in Prince Edward County, further tying him to the same geographic corridor where the Woodall–Taylor families lived and intermarried. Their son, Rev. William Alexander Woodall, appears in multiple genealogical records naming his father as Samuel and his grandfather as James, matching the known lineage of James Sampson Woodall. Samuel died in 1836, before his father wrote his 1843 will. Because James’s will only names living children (and one disinherited daughter), Samuel’s absence from the will is fully consistent with his early death and does not contradict his parentage.
James Sampson Woodall married for the last time to Jane Shackleford
After Betsy Taylor’s death around 1815, James married a third time. On 25 June 1815, in Henry County, he wed Eliza Jane Shackleford, a widow. This marriage brought him into the orbit of families living along the Pittsylvania–Henry County line. (12)
Throughout the early nineteenth century, James appears in multiple census records that trace his movement and household composition.
In 1820, he lived in Pittsylvania County, heading a large household of 17 people, including 7 enslaved individuals and 8 persons engaged in agriculture.
In 1830, still in Pittsylvania, his household included 7 enslaved people and several adult children.
By 1840, James had moved to Patrick County, where his household contained 8 free white persons and 8 enslaved individuals, reflecting a mid‑sized agricultural operation typical of the region.
James’s will, dated 24 September 1843 (13) in Patrick County, provides a final snapshot of his life and relationships. He named his wife Jane, his daughter Sally Woodall, his son Anderson Woodall, and his grandson Alex A. He also listed enslaved individuals—Charlotte and Anthony—as part of his estate, along with friends Hardin H. Staples and Robert A. Read. His probate record confirms his death around 1843–1848, and he was buried in Patrick County.
The will is transcribed as follows from page 239: (transcribed by Catherine L. Gauldin)
"I, James Woodall of the County of Patrick as hereby make this my last will and testament in manner from following that is to say
1. I desire that all my perishable part of my estate be immediately sold after my increase (except such as is herein after mentioned) and out of the proceeds arising there from all my just debts & funeral expenses to be paid.
2. After the payments of my just debts & funeral expenses I give to my wife Jane Woodall my negro woman Charlotte during her life should there be property to pay my debts without selling her but if there should not be & Charlotte & her children being enough then I give her my negro boy Anthony during her life.
3. I give my wife her choice of beds & steads with a sufficiency of bed clothes my sorrel mare Kit my best milch corn enough of my black hogs to supply her with meat during the next year as sufficient supply of corn, wheat oat, trough food, one axe, one -illing hoe one plough & gear one madaxe one spinning & flax wheel the cooking utensils the water vessels & table ware, one table one cupboard, one trunk & chese, one meat box one reel one sythe & cradle &
4. after the death of my wife it is my wish that the property which I hear bequeath to her be equally divided amongst my children except my daughter Sally.
5. I give my daughter Sally one dollar.
6. I give my grandson Alex a son of Anderson Woodall of Pittsylvania the colt with which my mare Kit is in foal.
And lastly I do appoint & constitute my friends Hardin H. Staples & Robt A Read executors of my last will and testament hereby revoking all other or former wills & testaments by me heretofore made.
In witness, whereof I have hereunto affixed my hand & seal this 24 Day of September 1843.
James (X his mark) Woodall (seal)
Signed in the presence of
Horonem Staples
John H Scriggs
Maukin Teel
Robert Jarratt
Patrick October Court 1843
The last will and testament of James Woodall decd was presented n Court proved by the oaths of the witness & hereto subscribed and ordered to be recorded and thereupon Robert A Read one of the executors herein named appeared in Court and herein taken the oats prescribed by law entered int and acknowledged a bond in the penalty of one thousand dollars conditioned as the law directs with John A Mameroon & G B Nichols his security whereupon this case of probate is granted him in due form of law.
Test
Saml Goldaples, D.G.
Table: Inclusion / Exclusion of Wives and Children
Name | Relationship to James S. Woodall | Included in Will? | Reason for Inclusion or Exclusion |
Elizabeth “Betsy” Hankins (1769–1797) | First wife | No | Died ~50 years before the will. |
Susannah “Susan” Woodall (1791–1850) | Daughter (with Hankins) | No | Alive in 1843 but not mentioned; likely already provided for or intentionally omitted. |
Daniel Hankins Woodall (1793–1870) | Son (with Hankins) | No | Alive in 1843; not mentioned, likely already provided for or intentionally omitted. |
Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor (1766–1815) | Second wife | No | Died 28 years before the will. |
John W. Woodall (1797–1831) | Son (with Taylor) | No | Died 12 years before the will; his children not mentioned. |
James Sampson Woodall Jr. (1800–1842) | Son (with Taylor) | No | Died one year before the will; his children not mentioned. |
Samuel Woodall (1801–1836) | Son (with Taylor) | No | Died seven years before the will; his children not mentioned. |
Anderson Woodall (1802– ) | Son (with Taylor) | Yes | Named directly in the will; his son Alex receives a bequest. |
Nancy Woodall (1802–1850) | Daughter (with Taylor) | No | Alive in 1843 but omitted; likely already provided for or intentionally excluded. |
Elizabeth Woodall (dates unknown) | Daughter (with Taylor) | No | Not mentioned; likely married and already provided for. |
Sally Woodall | Daughter (with Taylor) | Yes (disinherited) | Given only $1, indicating intentional exclusion from inheritance. |
Eliza Jane Shackleford (1770– ) | Third wife | Yes | Living wife; primary beneficiary of household goods, livestock, and enslaved persons. |
Alex (Alec) Woodall | Grandson (son of Anderson) | Yes | Receives the colt from mare Kit; only grandchild named. |
Across three marriages, multiple migrations, and decades of agricultural life, James Sampson Woodall stands as a central figure in the Woodall lineage. His children and grandchildren spread across Charlotte, Halifax, Pittsylvania, Henry, Patrick, and Tazewell Counties, forming the branches that would define the Woodall family in southwestern Virginia for generations. His life—documented through marriage records, census entries, and probate documents—forms a crucial link in the chain connecting the early Goochland Woodalls to the families who shaped the region in the nineteenth century.
Why John W. Woodall Was the Son of James Sampson Woodall and Betsy Taylor
The evidence for the parentage of John W. Woodall (1797–1831) points consistently and convincingly to James Sampson Woodall (1765–1848) and his second wife, Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor (1766–1815). John’s birth year, marriage location, family associations, and the broader Woodall migration pattern all align with this conclusion, forming a clear genealogical picture.
John was born about 1797 in Charlotte County, Virginia, the same year James Sampson married Betsy Taylor in Prince Edward County. This timing places John naturally as the first child of their marriage. No other Woodall couple in Charlotte or Pittsylvania County married at the right time or lived in the right place to have produced a son born in 1797, making James and Betsy the only viable parents.
John’s later life reinforces this connection. He married Elizabeth Gauldin in 1817 in Pittsylvania County, precisely where James Sampson and Betsy Taylor raised their children and where the Woodall, Taylor, Gauldin, and McDaniel families lived in close proximity. John’s siblings—James S. Jr., Anderson, Christopher T., Nancy, Sarah, and Elizabeth—appear in Pittsylvania and Henry County records, forming a tight cluster of marriages and migrations that match John’s own movements. His presence among these siblings fits perfectly within the known birth order of James and Betsy Taylor’s children.
Naming patterns also support the relationship. The Woodall family repeatedly used names such as John, James, Sampson, Anderson, and Christopher, and John’s name fits seamlessly into this tradition. Census records from 1820 and 1830 show James Sampson with a household large enough to include John, and the ages of the males listed match the expected ages of James and Betsy’s sons.
Finally, John’s marriage into the Gauldin family mirrors the intermarriage patterns of his siblings, who also married into families living along the same Pittsylvania–Henry County corridor. His life follows the same geographic and social path as the other children of James Sampson and Betsy Taylor, strengthening the conclusion that he belonged to this branch of the Woodall family.
Taken together—birth year, marriage timing, geographic placement, sibling cluster, naming patterns, and census evidence—these records form a coherent and compelling case: John W. Woodall was the son of James Sampson Woodall and Elizabeth “Betsy” Taylor, the eldest child of their 1797 marriage and a central figure in the Woodall–Gauldin connection in early nineteenth‑century Pittsylvania County.
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35. Early Southside Virginia Families. cottagehill. [Online] http://www.cottagehill.com/southside/f693.htm.
36. Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900. ancestry.com. [Online] Patrick County, Wills, Inventories and Accounts, Vol 1-3, 1791-... https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62347/images/0033330-00574?pId=2033446.
37. Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900. ancestry.com. [Online] Patrick County, Virginia. https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62347/images/0033330-00574?pId=2033446.
38. 1850 United States Federal Census. ancestry.com. [Online] Campbell County, Virginia. https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8054/images/4191115-00363?pId=14930228.
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